Overview of Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that silently damages the optic nerve and is often due to high intraocular pressure. It is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. The condition can develop slowly without noticeable symptoms, it is makes regular eye check ups essential. Many people search “what is glaucoma” or “what causes glaucoma” only after some vision is already lost. Early detection and treatment can help protect your vision for life.

Types of Glaucoma

• Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Most common slow progression, painless often unnoticed.
• Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Sudden blockage of eye drainage which is very painful and requires urgent care.
• Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Optic nerve damage occurs despite normal eye pressure.
• Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by eye injury, inflammation or other conditions.
• Congenital Glaucoma: A rare type that affects infants and young children.

Symptoms of Glaucoma

Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision and often unnoticed in early stages.

Blurred or cloudy central vision in advanced stages.

Seeing halos or rainbow-colored rings around lights.

Severe eye pain, headache, nausea (common in angle-closure glaucoma).

Redness of the eye with decreased vision.

High eye pressure symptoms like discomfort and visual disturbances.

Causes of Glaucoma

Increased intraocular pressure due to blocked eye fluid drainage.

Family history or inherited optic nerve sensitivity.

Previous eye injuries or surgeries.

Chronic eye conditions such as uveitis or retinal detachment.

Long-term use of steroid medications.

Other systemic diseases like diabetes or hypertension.

Complications in Glaucoma

Permanent damage to the optic nerve.

Irreversible vision loss or complete blindness.

Difficulty with night vision and contrast sensitivity.

Increased risk of accidents due to limited peripheral vision.

Psychological impact including anxiety and depression from vision loss.

Risk Factors of Glaucoma

Age over 40, especially after 60.

Family history of glaucoma disease.

African, Hispanic or Asian ethnic background.

Existing medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease or migraines.

Prolonged use of corticosteroid medications.

History of high intraocular pressure or eye trauma.

Preventions of Glaucoma

Get regular comprehensive eye exams, especially if you are over 40.

Manage health conditions like diabetes and hypertension.

Avoid unnecessary or prolonged steroid use.

Protect your eyes from injuries during sports or work.

Maintain a healthy lifestyle including regular exercise and a balanced diet.