Overview of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus it is commonly referred to as diabetes wich is a chronic medical condition that affects the way your body processes blood sugar (glucose). It can lead to various health complications if not managed properly. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2 both of which involve issues with insulin a hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels.

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

1. Type 1 Diabetes: This type is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin producing cells in the pancreas. It typically develops in childhood or adolescence.

2. Type 2 Diabetes: This is more common and occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin. It is often associated with lifestyle factors like poor diet and lack of exercise.

Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms: Increased thirst, frequent urination, extreme fatigue, blurred vision, unexplained weight loss and frequent infections.

Type 2 Diabetes Symptoms: Increased thirst, frequent urination, slow-healing sores, numbness or tingling in the hands or feet, fatigue and blurred vision.

Causes of Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes: The exact cause is unknown but it is thought to involve genetic and environmental factors that trigger the immune system to attack the pancreas.

Type 2 Diabetes: A combination of genetic and lifestyle factors, including obesity, physical inactivity, poor diet and aging contribute to the development of Type 2 diabetes.

Complications in Diabetes Mellitus

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to severe complications such as:

Heart disease

Stroke

Kidney damage

Nerve damage

Eye damage

Foot damage (in extreme cases, amputations)

Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes: Family history autoimmune diseases and genetic predisposition.

Type 2 Diabetes: Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, age, family history, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels.

Preventions of Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1 Diabetes: Currently there are no known ways to prevent Type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes: Healthy lifestyle choices like maintaining a balanced diet, regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent Type 2 diabetes.