Overview of Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is a serious medical condition that occurs when a blood clot in the brain blocks or narrows a blood vessel, restricting blood flow. This leads to brain ischemia, where brain tissue is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, causing cell damage. Often referred to as cerebral ischemia this type of stroke is the most common and requires immediate treatment to prevent long-term disability or death.

Types of Ischemic Stroke

1. Thrombotic Stroke: Caused by a clotting of blood in the brain or neck arteries.

2. Embolic Stroke: Caused by a blood clot at brain that forms elsewhere in the body and travels to the brain.

3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Known as a mild stroke, it is a temporary blockage and a warning sign of future strokes.

Symptoms of Ischemic Stroke

Common signs such as:

Sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side)

Trouble speaking or understanding speech

Vision problems

Dizziness or loss of balance

Severe headache (a sign of blood clot in head symptoms)

Causes of Ischemic Stroke

The most common ischemic stroke causes include:

Blood clots in brain due to atherosclerosis (narrowed arteries)

Irregular heart rhythms for example atrial fibrillation

High blood pressure and cholesterol

Smoking and diabetes

Complications in Ischemic Stroke

An acute ischemic stroke can lead to:

Paralysis or loss of muscle control

Memory and cognitive issues

Difficulty in speech and swallowing

Depression and emotional changes

Death in severe cases

Risk Factors of Ischemic Stroke

People at higher risk for ischemic strokes include those with:

Hypertension

Heart disease

Diabetes

Obesity

Smoking habits

Family history of stroke

Age above 55

Preventions of Ischemic Stroke

Preventing an ischemic stroke involves:

Managing blood pressure and cholesterol

Controlling diabetes

Quitting smoking

Exercising regularly

Healthy eating habits

Using blood thinners if prescribed (to avoid clotting of blood in brain)