Overview of Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive form of cancer that develops in the thin layer of tissue known as the mesothelium, which lines the lungs, abdomen, heart or testicles. It is primarily caused by exposure to asbestos fibers and can remain undetected for decades. Mesothelioma is difficult to diagnose early and has a poor prognosis, but advances in mesothelioma treatment options, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and mesothelioma therapy, are offering better outcomes for patients.

Types of Mesothelioma

1. Pleural Mesothelioma: Affects the lining of the lungs (most common type).

2. Peritoneal Mesothelioma: Impacts the lining of the abdomen.

3. Pericardial Mesothelioma: Develops in the lining of the heart.

4. Testicular Mesothelioma: Very rare, affects the tunica vaginalis of the testis.

5. Malignant Mesothelioma: A cancerous form with poor prognosis.

6. Epithelioid Mesothelioma: The most treatable and common cell subtype.

7. Sarcomatoid & Biphasic Mesothelioma: More aggressive and harder to treat.

Symptoms of Mesothelioma

Persistent chest pain and shortness of breath

Fluid buildup (pleural effusion or ascites)

Abdominal swelling or pain (especially in peritoneal mesothelioma)

Chronic cough or wheezing

Unexplained weight loss

Fatigue and general weakness

Night sweats and fever

Digestive disturbances in abdominal cases

Lumps under the skin (in advanced cases)

Causes of Mesothelioma

• Asbestos Exposure: The primary and most common cause
• Occupational Hazard: Construction, shipyard, insulation, or demolition jobs
• Environmental Exposure: Living near asbestos mines or old buildings
• Secondhand Exposure: Family members of workers handling asbestos
• Genetic Mutations: Rare inherited mutations may increase risk
• Radiation Exposure: Past radiation therapy to the chest

Complications in Mesothelioma

Lung collapse due to fluid buildup

Respiratory failure

Spread of cancer to other organs

Severe abdominal infections

Difficulty swallowing or chest tightness

Side effects of intensive treatments

Reduced mobility due to chronic pain

Risk Factors of Mesothelioma

Long-term or repeated asbestos exposure

Male gender (more occupational exposure)

Age over 60

Smoking (worsens symptoms but doesn’t cause mesothelioma directly)

Family history of mesothelioma

Previous radiation therapy to chest or abdomen

Preventions of Mesothelioma

Avoid asbestos exposure, especially in high-risk occupations

Use certified protective equipment in construction zones

Ensure safe asbestos removal by professionals

Regular screenings for those with known exposure

Promote awareness in industries with asbestos use

Follow health and safety guidelines strictly