Overview

Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to treat chronic sinusitis and other sinus related problems. It helps to clear blocked sinuses, improve breathing and relieve symptoms like facial pain, pressure and nasal congestion. This sinus endoscopic surgery is performed using an endoscope a thin, flexible tube with a camera allowing doctors to see inside the nasal passages and sinuses without making any external cuts.

FESS surgery is highly effective and has a quicker recovery time compared to traditional sinus operation procedures. It is one of the most commonly recommended surgical procedures for sinusitis when medications or other treatments fail.

Why Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is Required?

Doctors recommend FESS surgery when sinus problems become severe and do not improve with medication. You may need this sinus surgery if you have:

Chronic sinusitis (long term sinus infections causing congestion, pain and breathing difficulties).

Nasal polyps (noncancerous growths in the nasal passages).

Deviated nasal septum (crooked nasal structure causing breathing issues).

Recurrent sinus infections that affect daily life.

Sinus blockage due to allergies or inflammation.

Sinus drainage problems leading to infections.

If left untreated these issues can lead to more severe health problems, including repeated infections, breathing problems or even damage to surrounding structures.

Key Advantages of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)

• Minimally invasive: No external cuts only small instruments used inside the nose.
• Faster recovery: Compared to traditional sinus removal surgeries FESS surgery recovery is quicker.
• Better breathing: Opens up blocked sinuses for improved airflow.
• Less pain and discomfort: The procedure is less painful with minimal tissue damage.
• Effective treatment: Long lasting relief from chronic sinusitis and recurrent sinus infections.

How Should You Prepare Yourself Before Taking Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) Treatment?

To ensure a smooth FESS procedure follow these steps before surgery:

Consult your doctor to discuss your medical history and any allergies.

Avoid certain medications like blood thinners (aspirin, ibuprofen) a few days before surgery.

Stop smoking as it slows healing and increases complications.

Do not eat or drink for a few hours before surgery as instructed by your doctor.

Arrange for a ride home since you may feel dizzy after anesthesia.

How Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is Performed?

The sinus endoscopic surgery is done under local or general anesthesia and usually takes 1 to 2 hours. The steps include:

• Inserting the endoscope: A thin flexible tube with a camera is placed inside the nose for clear visibility.
• Removing blockages: The surgeon carefully removes polyps, swollen tissues or bone blocking the sinuses.
• Widening the sinus openings: This allows better drainage and airflow.
• Cleaning the sinuses: Any trapped mucus or infection is cleared.
• Completion: Once done no stitches are needed and soft nasal packing may be placed inside the nose.

What You Can Expect?

1. Before the Procedure:

You will receive instructions about fasting and medication restrictions.

The doctor may perform a nasal endoscopy or CT scan to assess your sinuses.

You will be given anesthesia to ensure a painless procedure.

2. During the Procedure:

The doctor will use an endoscope to examine and remove blockages in your sinuses.

No external incisions will be made.

The procedure will be completed in about 1-2 hours.

3. After the Procedure:

You may experience mild nasal congestion, bleeding or swelling for a few days.

Avoid blowing your nose forcefully for at least a week.

Use nasal saline sprays to keep the nose moist and aid healing.

Follow up with your doctor for endoscopic sinus surgery recovery guidance.

Risk and Potential Complications

Though FESS surgery is generally safe, some risks include:

Mild bleeding (common in the first few days)

Nasal dryness or crusting

Temporary loss of smell (usually improves over time)

Rare complications like infection or injury to nearby structures (eyes, brain)

Following post operative care instructions reduces these risks significantly.

Results/Outcomes

After the FESS procedure, patients experience:

Improved nasal breathing

Fewer sinus infections

Reduced facial pain and pressure

Better quality of life with fewer symptoms

Most people return to normal activities within 1-2 weeks with full recovery in 4-6 weeks.