Overview of Influenza (Flu)

Influenza is commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It affects the nose, throat and lungs and can range from mild to severe. While many recover within a few days, the flu can lead to serious complications especially in vulnerable individuals like the elderly, young children and those with chronic illnesses. Understanding what is influenza, its symptoms and preventive measures is essential to avoid its spread.

Types of Influenza (Flu)

Influenza viruses are categorised into several types:

1. Influenza A: Most common and usually causes seasonal epidemics. It can infect humans and animals.

2. Influenza B: This affects only humans and also contributes to seasonal outbreaks.

3. Influenza C: Causes mild illness and is less common.

4. Influenza D: Primarily affects cattle and is not known to cause illness in humans.

Symptoms of Influenza (Flu)

Symptoms of the flu may vary depending on the individual and the virus type. Influenza A symptoms or Type A flu symptoms tend to be more severe than symptoms of influenza B:

High fever or chills

Cough

Sore throat

Runny or stuffy nose

Muscle or body aches

Fatigue

Headaches

Vomiting or diarrhea (more common in children)

Causes of Influenza (Flu)

What causes the flu is the influenza virus itself, which spreads through:

Airborne droplets from coughs or sneezes

Direct contact with an infected person or surface

Touching the mouth, nose or eyes after contact with the virus

Complications in Influenza (Flu)

If untreated, the flu can lead to complications like:

Pneumonia

Bronchitis

Sinus and ear infections

Worsening of chronic conditions for example asthma, diabetes

Hospitalisation or death (especially in high-risk individuals)

Risk Factors of Influenza (Flu)

The following groups are more at risk:

Children under 5 years

Adults over 65

Pregnant women

People with weakened immune systems or chronic diseases

Healthcare workers

Preventions of Influenza (Flu)

To prevent influenza:

Get an annual flu vaccine

Wash hands frequently

Avoid close contact with sick individuals

Disinfect commonly used surfaces

Cover mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing