Overview of Bronchitis

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes the airways that carry air to the lungs. It leads to coughing, mucus production and difficulty breathing. There are two main types: acute bronchitis which is short-term and usually caused by infections, and chronic bronchitis a long term condition often linked to smoking or environmental irritants.

Types of Bronchitis

1. Acute Bronchitis: Also known as a chest cold it is typically caused by viral infections and lasts for a few weeks.

2. Chronic Bronchitis: A more serious and persistent form that falls under chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is often caused by smoking or long term exposure to pollutants.

Symptoms of Bronchitis

Persistent bronchitis cough

Symptoms of bronchitis in adults include chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and fatigue

1. Acute bronchitis symptoms: Runny nose, sore throat, mild fever and chest cold symptoms

2. Chronic bronchitis symptoms: Prolonged mucus-producing cough, wheezing and frequent respiratory infections

3. Signs of bronchitis: Coughing with yellow, green or clear mucus, chest tightness

Causes of Bronchitis

• Viral bronchitis: Often caused by viruses like influenza or the common cold
• Bacterial bronchitis: Less common but occurs when bacteria infect the bronchial tubes
• Environmental factors: Pollution, dust, chemicals and allergens
• Smoking: The primary cause of chronic bronchitis

Weakened immune system making people more susceptible

Complications in Bronchitis

Pneumonia (infection spreading to the lungs)

Severe breathing difficulties

Increased risk of developing chronic bronchitis

Worsening of asthma or COPD

Risk Factors of Bronchitis

Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke

Air pollution and exposure to chemical fumes

Weak immune system

History of lung diseases

Frequent respiratory infections

Preventions of Bronchitis

Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke

Practice good hygiene to prevent infections

Get vaccinated against flu and pneumonia

Wear a mask in polluted areas

Stay hydrated and maintain a healthy diet