Overview of Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is also known as an overactive thyroid which occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. These hormones regulate metabolism, affecting energy levels, weight, heart rate and overall body functions. High thyroid levels can lead to hyperthyroidism symptoms like rapid heartbeat, weight loss and increased nervousness.

Types of Hyperthyroidism

1. Graves’ Disease: The most common cause where the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid and making it overactive.

2. Toxic Nodular Goiter: Thyroid nodules grow and start producing excessive hormones.

3. Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid causes hormone leakage into the bloodstream.

4. Subclinical Hyperthyroidism: Mild form with low TSH levels but normal thyroid hormones.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Unexplained weight loss even with a good appetite.

Rapid or irregular heartbeat (palpitations).

Feeling anxious, nervous or irritable all the time.

Shaking hands (tremors) and muscle weakness.

Excessive sweating and heat intolerance.

Difficulty sleeping (insomnia).

Swollen thyroid (goiter) visible at the base of the neck.

Hyperthyroidism symptoms in females may include irregular or lighter menstrual cycles.

Causes of Hyperthyroidism

• Graves’ Disease: Autoimmune disorder causing the thyroid to overwork.
• Thyroid nodules: Non-cancerous lumps in the thyroid producing excess hormones.
• Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid, sometimes due to infections or after pregnancy.
• Too much iodine intake: From diet or medications.
• Excessive use: Of thyroid hormone medication.

Complications in Hyperthyroidism

• Heart problems: Irregular heartbeats (atrial fibrillation) and high blood pressure.
• Osteoporosis: Weakening of bones due to high thyroid activity.
• Eye problems: Bulging eyes, double vision or discomfort (common in Graves' disease).
• Thyroid storm: A rare but life threatening emergency where thyroid levels spike suddenly.
• Fertility issues: Difficulty conceiving in severe cases.

Risk Factors of Hyperthyroidism

• Family history: Having relatives with thyroid disorders increases risk.
• Being female: Women are more likely to develop hyperthyroidism.
• Age factor: Most common in people under 40.
• Autoimmune conditions: Conditions like Type 1 diabetes can trigger hyperthyroid issues.
• Excessive iodine intake: From diet or supplements.

Preventions of Hyperthyroidism

• Regular thyroid check-ups: Especially if you have a family history.
• Balanced iodine intake: Avoid excessive consumption of diet or supplements.
• Manage stress levels: Stress can trigger thyroid hyperthyroidism symptoms.
• Monitor medications: Ensure proper dosage if taking thyroid related drugs.
• Healthy lifestyle: Eating nutrient-rich foods and staying physically active helps maintain hormonal balance.