AVC (Accident Vasculaire Cérébral)

Complications in Stroke

• Long-term paralysis or loss of muscle movement
• Difficulty speaking, swallowing, or understanding language
• Chronic pain, numbness, or unusual sensations
• Emotional issues like depression or mood swings
• Memory problems and cognitive impairments
• Difficulty performing daily activities or returning to work

Risk Factors of Stroke

• High blood pressure – the leading modifiable risk factor
• Diabetes and high cholesterol
• Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
• Obesity and sedentary lifestyle
• Heart diseases like atrial fibrillation
• Family history of stroke or heart disease
• Age above 55 and being male (though women also face high risk)

Preventions of Stroke

• Maintain healthy blood pressure and sugar levels
• Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol
• Manage stress through relaxation or therapy
• Follow a heart-healthy diet (low in salt, cholesterol, and saturated fats)
• Take prescribed medications for heart conditions seriously
• Monitor and treat sleep apnea or atrial fibrillation
• Routine health checkups for early detection

Overview

A stroke is also known as a brain attack or cerebral stroke, occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This sudden disruption leads to brain cell death within minutes. Stroke is a medical emergency and demands immediate treatment. Quick action can minimize brain damage and potential complications. Depending on its type and severity, a stroke can lead to temporary or permanent disability, making awareness, early detection, and treatment crucial.

Types of Stroke

• Ischemic Stroke: The most common type, caused by blocked arteries or blood clots reducing brain blood flow.
• Hemorrhagic Stroke: Occurs when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, leading to bleeding in or around the brain.
• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Often called a mini-stroke, it results from a temporary blockage that resolves within minutes to hours without lasting damage.
• Brain Stem Stroke: Can affect both sides of the body and may impact speech, breathing, and heartbeat.
• Cryptogenic Stroke: A stroke with no clear identifiable cause after testing.

Symptoms of Stroke

• Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg—especially on one side
• Trouble speaking or understanding speech
• Sudden confusion or disorientation
• Loss of balance or coordination
• Blurred or blackened vision in one or both eyes
• Sudden severe headache without known cause
• Difficulty walking or dizziness

Causes of Stroke

• Blocked arteries (ischemic stroke) due to blood clots or plaque buildup
• Ruptured blood vessels (hemorrhagic stroke) from high blood pressure or aneurysm
• Heart problems like atrial fibrillation causing clots
• High cholesterol and diabetes increasing risk of blockages
• Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) acting as warning signs