Tracheotomy

Overview

A tracheotomy (often called a tracheostomy or trach) is a medical procedure in which a small hole is made in the front of the neck into the windpipe (trachea). A tracheostomy tube is then placed to help a person breathe more easily. This treatment is often done when normal breathing through the nose or mouth becomes difficult or impossible. Depending on the medical need, a trach can be temporary or permanent. It's a life-saving measure that ensures air can reach the lungs.

Why Tracheotomy/Tracheostomy is Required?

When the upper airway is blocked due to swelling, trauma or a tumor.

For patients who need long-term use of a ventilator or breathing machine.

To clear mucus from the lungs in people with weak coughing ability.

In severe cases of sleep apnea not responding to other treatments.

When there is a throat injury or burns that make normal breathing difficult.

After certain head and neck surgeries to maintain a safe airway.

Key Advantages of Tracheotomy Treatment

Provides a direct and secure way for air to reach the lungs.

Improves oxygen levels and breathing comfort for patients.

Makes it easier to suction out mucus and keep airways clean.

Reduces the need for long-term sedation in ventilated patients.

Allows speech and swallowing with special attachments like a trach collar.

Offers better care and comfort for patients needing long-term airway support.

How Should You Prepare Yourself Before Tracheostomy Treatment

Discuss your condition in detail with the doctor to understand the reason and urgency.

Share any history of bleeding problems, allergies, or breathing difficulties.

Follow instructions to stop eating or drinking before the procedure.

You may need blood tests or imaging (like chest X-ray) before surgery.

Arrange support from family or caregivers, especially for recovery at home.

Ask questions to feel mentally and emotionally prepared.

How Tracheotomy Treatment is Performed?

The procedure is usually done in an operating room or sometimes at the bedside in emergencies.

You will receive local or general anesthesia it is depending on your condition.

A small incision is made in the front of the neck to access the trachea.

A tracheostomy tube is inserted into the windpipe through this opening.

The tube is secured in place and connected to a ventilator or breathing support, if needed.

What You Can Expect Before, During and After Procedure?

1. Before the Procedure:

You will be evaluated and monitored by your medical team.

You may need tests like ECG, chest X-ray, or blood work.

An IV line will be set up for fluids and medication.

2. During the Procedure:

The doctor will make a cut on your neck to place the trach tube.

Breathing will be supported via the tube during and after surgery.

You will not feel pain if you are under anesthesia.

3. After the Procedure:

You may feel discomfort or need time to adjust to breathing through the trach.

Nurses will help keep the tube clean and show you how to care for it.

Recovery and discharge will depend on the underlying health condition.

Risk and Potential Complications

Infection at the site of the tracheostomy.

Bleeding during or after the procedure.

Blockage of the trach tube with mucus or blood.

Accidental removal or misplacement of the tube.

Damage to nearby structures like the vocal cords or esophagus.

Scar formation or narrowing of the trachea over time.

Results/Outcomes

Many patients breathe more comfortably after a trach.

It can improve quality of life for those who need long-term respiratory support.

Some patients can speak and eat again with attachments like trach collar.

With proper care, complications are minimised, and the tube can be removed if not needed permanently.