Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis)

Overview

Joint fusion is also known as arthrodesis it is a surgical procedure that permanently joins two bones in a joint to eliminate movement. This treatment is recommended when a joint is severely damaged due to arthritis, injury or other conditions that cause pain and instability. By fusing the bones, the joint becomes more stable, reducing pain and improving function.

Common types of arthrodesis include:

Spinal arthrodesis: fusion of spinal joints

SI joint fusion: fusion of the sacroiliac (SI) joint in the lower back

Ankle arthrodesis: fusion of the ankle joint

Triple arthrodesis: fusion of three joints in the foot

Why Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis) is Required?

Doctors recommend arthrodesis surgery for patients experiencing:

Severe joint pain due to arthritis or injury

Joint instability making movement difficult

Deformities that need correction

SI joint fusion surgery is particularly helpful for lower back pain

Ankle fusion procedures are needed for damaged ankle joints

Big toe joint fusion surgery is used for painful toe arthritis

Since joint fusion permanently eliminates movement it is typically considered when other treatments like medications, physical therapy or injections fail to provide relief.

Key Advantages of Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis)

• Pain relief: Reduces chronic pain by eliminating movement in the damaged joint
• Stability: Enhances joint stability and prevents abnormal movement
• Improved function: Helps regain mobility in daily activities
• Long-lasting results: Unlike some other treatments, fusion offers a permanent solution
• SI joint fusion permanent restrictions: Though some movements may be limited, it provides significant pain relief

How Should You Prepare Before Taking Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis) Treatment?

• Medical Evaluation: Your doctor will assess your condition with X-rays, CT scans or MRIs
• Stop Certain Medications: Blood thinners may need to be discontinued before surgery
• Lifestyle Changes: If you smoke, quitting is essential as smoking slows down healing
• Home Preparation: Arrange for assistance post-surgery as movement will be limited
• Discuss Restrictions: If undergoing SI joint fusion surgery, learn about permanent restrictions in advance

How Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis) is Performed?

The procedure varies depending on the joint being treated but generally follows these steps:

• Anesthesia: You will be given anesthesia to prevent pain during surgery
• Bone Preparation: The damaged cartilage is removed and the joint is prepared for fusion
• Bone Grafting: Bone grafts or implants may be placed to promote fusion
• Fixation: Screws, plates or rods are used to hold the bones together while they heal
• Closure: The incision is closed and a cast or brace may be applied

What You Can Expect?

1. Before the Procedure

Pre surgery tests (blood tests, imaging)

Fasting before anesthesia

Instructions on medications

2. During the Procedure

Surgery duration depends on the joint (about 1-2 hours)

Performed under general or spinal anesthesia

Bones are fixed in place using hardware

3. After the Procedure

Hospital Stay: Some procedures require a short hospital stay while others are outpatient

Recovery Time: Healing can take several months depending on the joint

Mobility Aids: You may need crutches, a brace or a walker during the recovery period

Physical Therapy: Helps regain strength and function

Risks and Potential Complications

Although arthrodesis surgery is highly effective, potential risks include:

Infection at the surgical site

Blood clots

Failure of the bones to fuse (nonunion)

Nerve damage

Limited range of motion in the fused joint

Results/Outcomes

• Significant pain relief: Eliminates joint pain caused by arthritis or injury
• Improved stability: Strengthens the affected joint, preventing unwanted movement
• Better mobility: Nearby joints adapt, helping maintain movement in daily activities
• Long-lasting solution: A permanent fix, reducing the need for future surgeries
• Return to daily life: Most patients resume normal activities after proper healing
• Less reliance on pain medications: No more chronic pain means fewer painkillers
• Stronger joint function: Fused bones provide a solid structure for movement