Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

Overview

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is a specialised imaging technique used to visualise blood vessels in detail. It is commonly performed to detect blockages, aneurysms or other vascular abnormalities particularly in the brain and heart. This advanced imaging method provides highly accurate results by subtracting non essential structures from the image making blood vessels clearly visible.

Why Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is Required?

DSA is primarily used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting blood vessels. It is commonly required for:

Identifying blockages or narrowing in arteries.

Detecting aneurysms or vascular malformations.

Assessing blood flow before and after treatments.

Guiding procedures like stent placement or embolisation.

DSA treatment for stroke especially in cases requiring immediate intervention.

Key Advantages of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

• High precision: Provides clear and detailed images of blood vessels.
• Minimally invasive: Requires only a small incision to insert a catheter.
• Real time imaging: Helps doctors accurately diagnose and treat vascular conditions.
• Reduced contrast agent use: Uses less dye compared to traditional angiography, lowering the risk of allergic reactions.
• Fast and efficient: Often performed within an hour allowing quick diagnosis and treatment planning.

How Should You Prepare Yourself Before Taking Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) Treatment?

Your doctor may advise fasting for 6-8 hours before the procedure.

Inform the medical team about any allergies especially to contrast dye.

Avoid blood thinning medications if instructed by your doctor.

Wear comfortable clothing and remove jewelry or metal objects.

Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure as mild sedation might be used.

How Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is Performed?

• Preparation: The patient lies on an examination table, and an IV line is inserted.
• Local Anesthesia: A small area usually in the groin or wrist is numbed.
• Catheter Insertion: A thin tube catheter is guided into the blood vessels.
• Contrast Injection: A special dye is injected highlighting blood vessels in X-ray images.
• Image Capture: Advanced digital imaging is used to remove background structures making vessels more visible.
• Completion: The catheter is removed and pressure is applied to prevent bleeding.

What You Can Expect?

1. Before Procedure:

A discussion with your doctor regarding the process and risks.

Necessary blood tests and a review of medical history.

Administering of a mild sedative if required.

2. During Procedure:

You may feel slight pressure when the catheter is inserted.

Contrast dye may cause a warm sensation for a few seconds.

The procedure usually lasts between 30-60 minutes.

3. After Procedure:

Rest for a few hours to prevent bleeding from the insertion site.

Drink plenty of water to flush out the contrast dye.

Mild bruising or soreness at the insertion site is normal.

Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities for 24-48 hours.

Risks and Potential Complications

Although DSA is a safe procedure, some potential risks include:

Mild pain or bruising at the catheter insertion site.

Allergic reaction to the contrast dye.

Temporary dizziness or headache.

Rare complications like infection, blood vessel damage or clot formation.

Results/Outcomes

The results of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) provide precise images of blood vessels helping doctors diagnose and treat conditions accurately.

If a blockage or abnormality is found further treatments like angioplasty or stent placement can be recommended.

In emergency cases like stroke DSA guides quick intervention to restore blood flow and prevent damage.