West Nile Virus Infection

Overview 

West Nile Virus Infection is a viral infection transmitted primarily through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It belongs to the flavivirus family and can affect the nervous system in severe cases.

Most people infected with the West Nile virus do not develop symptoms. However, some may experience mild flu-like illness, while a small percentage may develop serious neurological complications.

Types of West Nile Virus Infection Disease

• Asymptomatic Infection: No noticeable symptoms (most common)
• West Nile Fever: Mild flu-like illness
• Neuroinvasive Disease: Severe form affecting the brain or spinal cord (encephalitis or meningitis)

Symptoms of West Nile Virus Infection Disease

• Fever
• Headache
• Body aches
• Fatigue
• Skin rash
• Swollen lymph nodes
• In severe cases: confusion, seizures, weakness, or paralysis

Causes of West Nile Virus Infection

• Bite of infected mosquitoes
• Transmission through infected birds (mosquito cycle)
• Rare transmission via blood transfusion, organ transplant, or from mother to child

Complications of West Nile Virus Infection

Encephalitis (brain inflammation)

Meningitis

Paralysis

Long-term neurological problems

Death in severe cases

Risk Factors of West Nile Virus Infection

• Older age (above 60 years)
• Weakened immune system
• Chronic medical conditions
• Exposure to mosquito-prone areas

Prevention of West Nile Virus Infection

• Using mosquito repellents
• Wearing protective clothing
• Avoiding outdoor exposure during peak mosquito activity
• Eliminating standing water around homes
• Using mosquito nets and screens