Unstable Angina

Overview

Unstable Angina Disease is a serious cardiac condition characterized by sudden and unpredictable chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. It is considered a medical emergency and a warning sign of an impending heart attack (myocardial infarction).

Unlike stable angina, unstable angina can occur at rest, last longer, and become more intense over time. Immediate medical attention is essential to prevent life-threatening complications.

Types of Unstable Angina

• New-Onset Angina: Chest pain occurring for the first time and increasing in severity
• Rest Angina: Occurs even when the patient is at rest
• Worsening (Crescendo) Angina: Previously stable angina that becomes more frequent, severe, or prolonged

Symptoms of Unstable Angina

• Sudden chest pain or discomfort
• Pain radiating to the arm, neck, jaw, or back
• Chest tightness or pressure
• Shortness of breath
• Sweating
• Nausea or dizziness
• Fatigue
• Symptoms occurring at rest or with minimal activity

Causes of Unstable Angina

• Reduced blood flow due to coronary artery disease
• Rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque
• Formation of a blood clot (thrombus)
• Narrowed or blocked coronary arteries
• Spasm of coronary arteries

Complications of Unstable Angina

• Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
• Arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat)
• Heart failure
• Sudden cardiac arrest
• Death if untreated

Risk Factors of Unstable Angina

• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Family history of heart disease
• Advanced age

Prevention of Unstable Angina

• Maintain a heart-healthy diet
• Control blood pressure and cholesterol
• Manage diabetes
• Quit smoking
• Exercise regularly
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Manage stress
• Regular health check-ups