Overview

Temporal Arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis, is an inflammatory condition that affects the lining of medium and large arteries, most commonly the arteries in the head, especially the temples.

It typically occurs in older adults and can reduce blood flow to vital areas such as the eyes and brain. If left untreated, it may lead to serious complications, including vision loss. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent permanent damage.

Types of Temporal Arteritis flow

• Cranial Temporal Arteritis: Affects arteries in the head and temples
• Large Vessel Arteritis: Involves major arteries like the aorta and its branches
• Polymyalgia Rheumatica-associated Arteritis: Occurs alongside polymyalgia rheumatica

Symptoms of Temporal Arteritis

• Persistent headache, especially in the temples
• Scalp tenderness
• Jaw pain while chewing (jaw claudication)
• Vision problems (blurred or double vision)
• Sudden vision loss in one or both eyes
• Fatigue and weakness
• Fever and unintended weight loss

Causes of Temporal Arteritis

• Immune system attacking blood vessel walls
• Inflammation of arteries (autoimmune response)
• Genetic and environmental factors
• Exact cause remains unknown

Complications of Temporal Arteritis

• Permanent vision loss or blindness
• Stroke due to reduced blood flow
• Aortic aneurysm
• Damage to major blood vessels
• Long-term complications from steroid therapy

Risk Factors of Temporal Arteritis

• Age above 50 years
• Female gender
• Northern European or Caucasian ancestry
• History of polymyalgia rheumatica
• Genetic predisposition

Prevention of Temporal Arteritis

• Early recognition of symptoms is critical
• Regular health check-ups in older adults
• Immediate medical attention for persistent headaches or vision changes