Tarlov Cysts

Overview 

Tarlov Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form around the nerve roots of the spine, most commonly in the sacral (lower back) region. These cysts are also known as perineural cysts and may contain cerebrospinal fluid.

Many Tarlov cysts are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. However, when they enlarge or compress nearby nerves, they can cause pain, neurological symptoms, and functional difficulties.

Types of Tarlov Cysts Disease

• Asymptomatic Tarlov Cysts: Do not cause noticeable symptoms
• Symptomatic Tarlov Cysts: Cause nerve compression and clinical symptoms
• Single Cyst: One cyst affecting a specific nerve root
• Multiple Cysts: Several cysts affecting different nerve areas

Symptoms of Tarlov Cysts

• Lower back or sacral pain
• Pain radiating to legs (sciatica-like symptoms)
• Numbness or tingling in lower limbs
• Difficulty sitting for long periods
• Weakness in legs
• Bladder or bowel dysfunction in severe cases
• Sexual dysfunction

Causes of Tarlov Cysts

• Congenital weakness in nerve root coverings
• Trauma or injury to the spine
• Increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure
• Connective tissue disorders
• Inflammation or degeneration

Complications of Tarlov Cysts

• Chronic pain
• Nerve damage
• Reduced mobility
• Bladder and bowel control issues
• Decreased quality of life

Risk Factors of Tarlov Cysts

• Female gender (more common in women)
• History of spinal trauma
• Connective tissue disorders
• Increased spinal fluid pressure
• Age-related degeneration

Prevention of Tarlov Cysts

There is no guaranteed way to prevent Tarlov cysts. However:

• Avoiding spinal injuries
• Maintaining spinal health
• Early treatment of back pain
• Regular medical check-ups for persistent symptoms