Overview of Rotavirus Infection

Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects infants and young children, causing inflammation of the stomach and intestines (gastroenteritis). It is one of the leading causes of severe diarrhea in children worldwide. The infection spreads through the fecal-oral route, often by contaminated hands, surfaces or food. Though adults can also get infected, symptoms are generally milder. While most children recover with supportive care, severe cases may lead to dehydration, making timely medical attention crucial.

Types of Rotavirus Infection

1. Group A Rotavirus: The most common type that causes outbreaks in infants and children.

2. Group B and C Rotavirus: Less common but can cause infections in older children and adults.

3. Zoonotic Rotavirus: Rare types transmitted from animals to humans.

4. Vaccine-Derived Strains: Mild, temporary viral shedding may occur in vaccinated children.

Symptoms of Rotavirus Infection

Sudden onset of watery diarrhea

Vomiting lasting for several days

Fever and abdominal cramps

Loss of appetite and fatigue

Dehydration signs: dry mouth, reduced urination, sunken eyes

Pale or greenish stools

Mild respiratory symptoms in some cases

Causes of Rotavirus Infection

Ingesting food or water contaminated with the virus

Touching contaminated surfaces and then the mouth

Close contact with infected individuals, especially in childcare settings

Poor hand hygiene after changing diapers or using the toilet

Complications in Rotavirus Infection

Severe dehydration requiring hospitalization

Electrolyte imbalance

Weight loss and malnutrition in infants

Seizures caused by high fever or electrolyte shifts

Secondary infections from weakened immunity

Rarely, death in unvaccinated or vulnerable infants

Risk Factors of Rotavirus Infection

Age under 5 years, especially infants

Attending daycare or preschool

Living in crowded or unhygienic environments

Weakened immune systems due to other illnesses

Lack of vaccination or incomplete doses

Preventions of Rotavirus Infection

Timely rotavirus vaccination for infants

Practicing proper handwashing, especially after diaper changes

Disinfecting toys, surfaces, and shared items

Avoiding contact with infected individuals

Safe handling and preparation of food and water

Educating caregivers on hygiene and symptoms