Overview of Q Fever (Query Fever)

Q fever, short for "Query Fever," is a rare but potentially serious infection caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii. This organism, closely related to rickettsia, is highly resilient and can survive in the environment for extended periods. People typically get infected through direct contact with farm animals, especially sheep, goats and cattle, or by inhaling contaminated dust. While many cases go unnoticed due to mild or no symptoms, others may develop severe illness that requires prompt treatment. Without early intervention, Q fever can sometimes become chronic, leading to long-term health issues.

Types of Query Fever

1. Acute Q Fever

Sudden onset with flu-like symptoms

Often self-limiting but may require antibiotics

Commonly presents as high fever, fatigue, and pneumonia

2. Chronic Q Fever

Develops months or years after initial infection

Primarily affects individuals with existing heart or immune conditions

May lead to life-threatening issues like endocarditis or liver damage

Symptoms of Q Fever (Query Fever)

High fever lasting more than 10 days

Persistent headaches and muscle aches

Dry cough and chest discomfort

Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain

Excessive fatigue and weakness

Sweating and chills

Weight loss or loss of appetite

Liver inflammation (in some cases, hepatitis)

Pneumonia-like respiratory issues

In rare cases, confusion or neurological symptoms

Causes of Q Fever (Query Fever)

Caused by bacteria Coxiella burnetii, commonly found in livestock

Inhalation of contaminated air or dust near farms or animal facilities

Contact with animal birth fluids, feces, or urine

Consumption of raw or unpasteurized milk and dairy products

Contaminated clothing or equipment can also carry the bacteria

Rarely transmitted from human to human

Complications in Q Fever (Query Fever)

Endocarditis – infection of heart valves, especially in chronic Q fever

Chronic fatigue syndrome that can persist for months

Liver inflammation or hepatitis

Pneumonia requiring hospitalisation

Neurological issues like meningitis (rare)

Miscarriage or premature delivery in infected pregnant women

Increased risk in people with pre-existing heart or immune conditions

Risk Factors of Q Fever (Query Fever)

Close exposure to goats, sheep, or cattle

Working in slaughterhouses, dairy farms, or veterinary clinics

Living near livestock farms

Having a heart valve disorder or weakened immune system

Undergoing immunosuppressive therapy

Pregnancy (especially during the first trimester)

Lack of protective gear while handling animals

Preventions of Q Fever (Query Fever)

Always wear masks, gloves and protective clothing when working with animals

Practice good hand hygiene and wash after animal contact

Ensure proper disposal of animal waste and birthing materials

Avoid consuming unpasteurized milk or raw dairy

Maintain clean and sanitized livestock areas

Quarantine sick animals to prevent spreading

Vaccination is available in some high-risk areas (Australia, for example)