Overview of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

Frozen shoulder also known as adhesive capsulitis is a condition characterised by pain, stiffness and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. The shoulder capsule which surrounds the ball and socket of the shoulder joint, thickens and tightens it leading to restriction in movement. This condition typically develops slowly and can last for a prolonged period often lasting anywhere from a few months to a few years.

Types of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

Frozen shoulder is commonly divided into three stages:

1. Freezing Stage: The pain gradually increases and the range of motion in the shoulder starts to decrease.

2. Frozen Stage: The pain may diminish but stiffness remains and severely restricts shoulder movement.

3. Thawing Stage: The shoulder begins to regain mobility and the stiffness gradually decreases.

Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

• Pain: A gradual ache in the shoulder joint that worsens with movement or at night.
• Limited Movement: Difficulty lifting or rotating the arm which makes everyday tasks challenging.
• Morning Stiffness: A feeling of tightness when waking up, making it hard to move the shoulder freely.
• Tenderness: Pain is particularly noticeable when trying to move the shoulder like when reaching up or behind.

Causes of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

• Trauma or Injury: A past injury to the shoulder can trigger the condition.
• Immobility: After surgery or injury the shoulder may stay immobile for too long which leads to a frozen shoulder.
• Health Conditions: Diseases such as diabetes, thyroid problems and heart issues can increase your risk of developing frozen shoulder.
• Inflammation: The shoulder capsule becomes inflamed, causing the tissue to thicken and restricting your movement.

Complications of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

• Persistent Pain: The pain may linger longer than expected, even with treatment.
• Long Term Stiffness: You may continue to face challenges with movement long after the treatment process.
• Difficulty in Daily Activities: Simple tasks like reaching for something on a shelf, brushing your hair or driving might feel more difficult.

Risk Factors of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

• Age: People aged 40-60 are more likely to develop frozen shoulder.
• Gender: Women are at a higher risk than men.
• Underlying Health Conditions: Those with diabetes, thyroid disorders or cardiovascular issues are more susceptible.
• Shoulder Injury or Surgery: If you have had previous shoulder injuries or surgeries, the likelihood increases.

Preventions of Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

• Stay Active: Regular movement and stretches can keep your shoulder joint flexible.
• Early Treatment: Address shoulder injuries or conditions promptly to prevent frozen shoulder.
• Avoid Long Immobilisation: Try not to keep your shoulder immobilised for long periods after an injury or surgery.
• Strengthening Exercises: Incorporate shoulder exercises that improve strength and flexibility.