Overview of Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer refers to the malignant growth in the esophagus the long tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. This cancer can develop in different parts of the esophagus and affecting its ability to function properly. It is a serious condition that requires early detection and treatment for better outcomes.

Types of Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: This type of cancer starts in the mucus producing glands in the lower part of the esophagus. It is the most common form of esophageal cancer in the Western world.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma: This type affects the cells lining the esophagus and is more common in parts of the world like Asia and Africa.

Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer

Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

Unexplained weight loss

Persistent heartburn or indigestion

Painful swallowing

Chest pain or discomfort

Hoarseness or chronic cough

Vomiting which may contain blood

Causes of Esophageal Cancer

The exact cause of esophageal cancer is not fully understood but several factors may contribute to its development such as:

Smoking and heavy alcohol use.

Chronic acid reflux (GERD).

Barrett’s esophagus (a condition where the esophagus lining changes due to acid exposure).

Obesity and poor diet.

Genetic mutations and family history.

Complications in Esophageal Cancer

• Metastasis: Spread of cancer to other parts of the body such as the liver, lungs and lymph nodes.
• Difficulty swallowing: As the tumor grows it can block the esophagus making it difficult to eat or drink.
• Malnutrition: Difficulty swallowing and weight loss can result in malnutrition.

Risk Factors of Esophageal Cancer

Smoking and alcohol consumption

Age (most common in people over 60)

Family history of esophageal cancer

Barrett’s esophagus

Obesity

Poor diet especially low in fruits and vegetables

Preventions of Esophageal Cancer

Quit smoking and limit alcohol intake.

Maintain a healthy weight.

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains.

Manage chronic acid reflux effectively.

Regular screening for those with a family history or at high risk.