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Overview 

Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It commonly spreads through contaminated food, water, soil, or contact with infected animal feces, especially cats.

Most healthy individuals may not show symptoms, but the infection can be serious in pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems. In such cases, it can affect the brain, eyes, or developing fetus.

Early detection and proper treatment help prevent complications.

Types of Toxoplasmosis Disease

• Acute Toxoplasmosis: Recent infection, often mild or asymptomatic
• Congenital Toxoplasmosis: Passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy
• Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Affects the eyes, causing vision problems
• Cerebral Toxoplasmosis: Affects the brain, common in immunocompromised patients
• Chronic Toxoplasmosis: Latent infection that may reactivate

Symptoms of Toxoplasmosis

• Mild flu-like symptoms (fever, fatigue, muscle aches)
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Headache
• Blurred vision or eye pain (ocular form)
• Confusion or seizures (in severe cases)
• Symptoms may be absent in healthy individuals

Causes of Toxoplasmosis

• Infection with Toxoplasma gondii parasite
• Eating undercooked or raw meat
• Consuming contaminated food or water
• Contact with cat litter or soil containing parasite eggs
• Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy
• Organ transplantation or blood transfusion (rare cases)

Complications of Toxoplasmosis

• Eye damage or vision loss
• Brain inflammation (encephalitis)
• Seizures and neurological problems
• Miscarriage or congenital defects in fetus
• Severe illness in immunocompromised individuals

Risk Factors of Toxoplasmosis

• Pregnancy
• Weakened immune system (HIV/AIDS, chemotherapy)
• Handling raw meat frequently
• Exposure to cat feces or contaminated soil
• Poor food hygiene

Prevention of Toxoplasmosis

• Cook meat thoroughly
• Wash fruits and vegetables properly
• Maintain good hand hygiene
• Avoid handling cat litter during pregnancy
• Use gloves while gardening
• Drink clean, safe water