Рак вульвы

Overview 

Vulvar Cancer Disease is a type of cancer that develops in the external female genital area (vulva), including the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. It is relatively rare but can become serious if not detected and treated early.

This cancer usually develops slowly over time, often starting as precancerous changes in the skin. Early diagnosis and timely treatment significantly improve outcomes and survival rates.

Types of Vulvar CancerSquamous Cell Carcinoma: Most common type, originating in skin cellsMelanoma: Develops from pigment-producing cellsAdenocarcinoma: Arises from glandular tissuesBasal Cell Carcinoma: Slow-growing and less aggressiveSarcoma: Rare, originates in connective tissues

Symptoms of Vulvar Cancer

• Persistent itching in the vulvar area
• Pain or tenderness
• Lump, sore, or ulcer on the vulva
• Changes in skin color or thickness
• Bleeding not related to menstruation
• Burning sensation
• Pain during urination or intercourse

Causes of Vulvar Cancer

• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
• Chronic skin conditions (e.g., lichen sclerosus)
• Precancerous lesions (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia)
• Smoking
• Weak immune system
• Aging

Complications of Vulvar Cancer

• Spread of cancer to nearby tissues
• Lymph node involvement
• Metastasis to other organs
• Pain and discomfort
• Sexual dysfunction
• Psychological impact

Risk Factors of Vulvar Cancer

• HPV infection
• Age above 50 years
• Smoking
• Immunosuppression
• Chronic vulvar skin conditions
• History of cervical or vaginal cancer

Prevention of Vulvar Cancer

• HPV vaccination
• Regular gynecological check-ups
• Maintain good hygiene
• Avoid smoking
• Early treatment of precancerous conditions
• Safe sexual practices