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Overview 

Testicular Cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the testicles (testes), which are part of the male reproductive system and responsible for producing sperm and hormones.

It is one of the most treatable and curable forms of cancer, especially when detected early. Testicular cancer commonly affects young and middle-aged men, but it can occur at any age.

Types of Testicular Cancer Disease

• Seminoma: Slow-growing and highly treatable
• Non-Seminoma: Faster-growing and may spread more quickly
• Mixed Germ Cell Tumors: Combination of different tumor types
• Stromal Tumors: Rare tumors affecting hormone-producing tissues

Symptoms of Testicular Cancer

• Lump or swelling in one testicle
• Feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
• Dull ache in the lower abdomen or groin
• Sudden fluid collection in the scrotum
• Pain or discomfort in the testicle
• Enlargement or tenderness of breast tissue (rare)

Causes of Testicular Cancer

• Abnormal growth of germ cells
• Genetic factors
• Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
• Family history of testicular cancer
• Exact cause often unknown

Complications of Testicular Cancer

• Spread to lymph nodes, lungs, or other organs
• Fertility issues
• Hormonal imbalance
• Side effects of chemotherapy or radiation
• Recurrence after treatment

Risk Factors of Testicular Cancer

• Undescended testicle
• Family history of the disease
• Age (commonly 15–35 years)
• Previous testicular cancer
• Genetic conditions

Prevention of Testicular Cancer

• Regular self-examination of testicles
• Early medical consultation for any lump or swelling
• Monitoring high-risk individuals
• Awareness and timely screening