Overview of Liver Cirrhosis

Liver cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive condition where healthy liver tissue is gradually replaced by scar tissue. This scarring disrupts the normal structure and function of the liver, reducing its ability to perform essential tasks such as detoxifying the blood, producing proteins, and aiding digestion. The disease develops over time and is often the final stage of long-term liver damage from conditions like hepatitis, fatty liver, or chronic alcohol abuse.

Types of Liver Cirrhosis

1. Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis: Caused by long-term excessive alcohol intake.

2. Non-Alcoholic Cirrhosis (NAFLD-related): Associated with obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

3. Post-Hepatic Cirrhosis: Develops after chronic hepatitis B or C infections.

4. Biliary Cirrhosis: Due to bile duct diseases like primary biliary cholangitis.

5. Cryptogenic Cirrhosis: Cause remains unknown even after thorough testing.

6. Cardiac Cirrhosis: Related to long-standing heart failure.

Symptoms of Liver Cirrhosis

Fatigue and weakness

Loss of appetite and weight loss

Jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin)

Abdominal swelling (ascites)

Itchy skin and spider-like blood vessels on the skin

Easy bruising and bleeding

Red palms and swelling in legs

Mental confusion or forgetfulness (hepatic encephalopathy)

Dark urine and pale stools

Causes of Liver Cirrhosis

Chronic alcohol abuse

Chronic viral hepatitis (especially Hepatitis B and C)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Autoimmune hepatitis

Genetic disorders (e.g., hemochromatosis, Wilson’s disease)

Prolonged bile duct obstruction

Long-term exposure to toxins or certain medications

Complications in Liver Cirrhosis

Liver failure

Portal hypertension (increased blood pressure in liver veins)

Internal bleeding (varices in the stomach or esophagus)

Kidney dysfunction (hepatorenal syndrome)

Brain dysfunction (hepatic encephalopathy)

Increased risk of liver cancer

Severe infections due to weakened immunity

Risk Factors of Liver Cirrhosis

Heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption

Obesity and metabolic syndrome

Chronic viral hepatitis infection

Family history of liver diseases

Type 2 diabetes

Autoimmune conditions

Long-term use of hepatotoxic medications

Preventions of Liver Cirrhosis

Avoid or limit alcohol intake

Get vaccinated for Hepatitis A and B

Practice safe sex and avoid sharing needles to prevent hepatitis

Maintain a healthy weight and diet

Control blood sugar and cholesterol levels

Use medications cautiously and under medical guidance

Regular liver checkups if you are at risk