Overview of Leukemia
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. It leads to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which disrupt normal blood function and immunity. There are several types of leukemia, and its progression can be either acute (fast-growing) or chronic (slow-growing). Early detection and timely treatment significantly improve outcomes.
Types of Leukemia
1. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Rapidly growing cancer affecting myeloid cells, more common in adults.
2. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Fast-growing leukemia mostly seen in children.
3. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Slow-progressing cancer of the myeloid cells, often detected in later stages.
4. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Affects lymphocytes, common in older adults and progresses gradually.
5. Hairy Cell Leukemia: A rare subtype of CLL, where cells appear 'hairy' under the microscope.
6. Feline Leukemia: A contagious viral disease affecting cats, not transmissible to humans.
Symptoms of Leukemia
Persistent fatigue and weakness
Frequent or severe infections
Unexplained weight loss
Easy bruising or bleeding (e.g., nosebleeds, gum bleeds)
Swollen lymph nodes, liver, or spleen
Recurrent fevers or chills
Bone or joint pain
Pale or blotchy skin (may include leukemia rash)
Shortness of breath
Night sweats
Causes of Leukemia
Genetic mutations in blood cell DNA
Radiation exposure
Prolonged exposure to chemicals like benzene
Previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy
Certain genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome)
Smoking (increases risk of AML)
Family history of leukemia
Complications in Leukemia
Severe infections due to low immunity
Anemia from low red blood cell count
Bleeding disorders due to low platelets
Spread to organs like liver, spleen, brain
Organ damage due to treatment
Secondary cancers after treatment
Psychological distress and fatigue
Risk Factors of Leukemia
Age: More common in adults above 55 (except ALL in children)
Gender: Males have slightly higher risk
Family history of leukemia
Smoking habits
Prior cancer treatment
Occupational exposure to industrial chemicals
Certain genetic syndromes
Preventions of Leukemia
Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals
Quit smoking
Protect yourself from radiation
Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle
Regular medical checkups, especially with a family history
Limit exposure to benzene (found in gasoline and cigarette smoke)
Stay updated on vaccines and avoid infections
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