Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their function over time. It is a long term progressive disease that affects kidney function and can eventually lead to kidney failure. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste and excess fluid from the body so any damage to them can significantly impact overall health.

Types of Chronic Kidney Disease

CKD can be classified into five stages, with Stage 1 being the least severe and Stage 5 (end-stage renal disease or ESRD) requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant.

Stage 1: Mild kidney damage with normal kidney function.

Stage 2: Mild decrease in kidney function.

Stage 3: Moderate decrease in kidney function.

Stage 4: Severe decrease in kidney function.

Stage 5: Kidney failure (end-stage renal disease).

Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Disease

Some common symptoms such as:

Kidney pain

Fatigue

Swelling in ankles, feet or hands

Urinary changes, increased or decreased frequency and dark colored urine

High blood pressure

Nausea and vomiting

Loss of appetite

Signs of kidney failure: including confusion, difficulty breathing and seizures

Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic Kidney Disease can be caused by several factors, such as:

Diabetes

High blood pressure

Genetic conditions like polycystic kidney disease

Infections

Chronic use of certain medications

Obstructions in the urinary tract

Kidney disease symptoms in females: hormonal factors may increase the risk

Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease

CKD can lead to several complications, such as:

Kidney failure

Cardiovascular disease

Bone mineral disease

Anemia

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Risk Factors of Chronic Kidney Disease

Certain factors increase the risk of developing CKD, such as:

Diabetes

High blood pressure

Family history of kidney disease

Older age

Obesity

Smoking

Chronic urinary tract infections

Preventions of Chronic Kidney Disease

While CKD cannot always be prevented but you can lower your risk by:

Managing blood sugar levels if diabetic

Controlling blood pressure

Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight

Avoiding excessive use of medications that harm the kidneys

Staying hydrated

Regular check ups for kidney function