Overview of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a long-term digestive disorder where stomach acid repeatedly flows back into the esophagus. This condition, commonly known as acid reflux causes irritation, inflammation, and discomfort. GERD is more than just occasional heartburn and it can significantly affect your daily life if left untreated. Understanding what is GERD, its triggers and how to manage it can help you maintain a healthier lifestyle and avoid complications.

Types of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

1. Non-Erosive Reflux Disease (NERD): Acid reflux occurs without any visible damage to the esophagus.

2. Erosive Esophagitis: Stomach acid damages the lining of the esophagus, causing inflammation.

3. Barrett's Esophagus: A serious form where long-term reflux leads to changes in the esophageal lining, increasing cancer risk.

Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Burning sensation in the chest (heartburn), often after meals or at night.

Sour or bitter taste in the mouth due to regurgitation.

Difficulty or pain while swallowing.

Sensation of a lump in the throat or chest tightness.

Frequent throat clearing, dry cough, or hoarseness.

Feeling of food coming back up into the throat or mouth.

Disrupted sleep due to acid reflux symptoms worsening when lying down.

Causes of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Weak or relaxed lower esophageal sphincter (LES) allowing stomach acid to flow back.

Obesity or increased abdominal pressure contributing to reflux.

Eating large meals or lying down soon after eating.

Frequent consumption of spicy, fatty, or acidic foods.

Smoking or alcohol intake irritating the esophageal lining.

Certain medications that relax the LES, like NSAIDs or calcium channel blockers.

Pregnancy-related hormonal changes and pressure on the stomach.

Complications in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Chronic esophagitis that can cause ulcers and bleeding.

Narrowing of the esophagus (strictures) making swallowing difficult.

Barrett’s esophagus, which may lead to a higher risk of esophageal cancer.

Persistent cough, asthma, or breathing issues due to acid entering airways.

Enamel erosion and dental problems from prolonged acid exposure.

Risk Factors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Being overweight or having abdominal obesity.

Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke.

Pregnancy, due to increased pressure on the stomach.

A diet high in acidic, fried, or spicy foods.

Regular use of certain medications that weaken the LES.

Having a hiatal hernia, which allows stomach acid to escape more easily.

Preventions of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Eat smaller, balanced meals throughout the day.

Avoid lying down or sleeping right after meals.

Cut down on caffeine, alcohol, and trigger foods.

Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your stomach.

Stop smoking to improve LES function and reduce irritation.

Elevate the head of your bed to prevent night-time reflux.

Wear loose-fitting clothes that don’t press on your stomach.