Overview of Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is commonly known as lupus, is a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. It can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, brain and other organs. Lupus is unpredictable, with flare-ups followed by periods of remission. It is more common in women, particularly during childbearing years, and presents in many forms, making diagnosis and management challenging.

Types of Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE)

1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): The most common and severe type, affecting multiple organs.

2. Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE): Affects the skin, causing thick, scaly rashes, often leaving scars.

3. Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (SCLE): Causes widespread skin lesions worsened by sun exposure.

4. Drug-Induced Lupus: Triggered by certain medications, symptoms usually disappear after stopping the drug.

5. Neonatal Lupus: A rare form affecting newborns of women with lupus antibodies.

Symptoms of Lupus

Fatigue, joint pain, and swelling

Butterfly rash across cheeks and nose

Discoid lesions and autoimmune rashes on the body

Mouth ulcers and hair loss

Light sensitivity and skin reactions

Kidney issues and associated rashes

Cognitive difficulties and headaches

Fever, chest pain, and swollen lymph nodes

Causes of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE

Genetic predisposition

Hormonal influences, especially estrogen

Environmental triggers such as UV light, infections and certain medications

Abnormal immune responses leading to inflammation and tissue damage

Complications in SLE

Kidney damage (Lupus nephritis)

Heart and lung inflammation

Neurological symptoms like seizures or psychosis

Pregnancy complications and miscarriages

Blood disorders, such as anemia or lupus anticoagulant presence

Increased risk of infections and osteoporosis

Risk Factors of Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE)

Gender: Predominantly affects females

Age: Most commonly diagnosed between ages 15–45

Family history of autoimmune diseases

Ethnicity: Higher prevalence in African, Asian, and Hispanic populations

Long-term sun exposure or infections

Preventions of Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE)

No absolute prevention, but you can reduce flare-ups by:

Using sunscreen to avoid UV-triggered rashes

Managing stress and infections

Avoiding medications known to trigger lupus

Regular exercise and balanced lupus diet

Monitoring health regularly with a lupus specialist