Ureteroscopy is a medical procedure used to examine and treat problems in the urinary tract, especially kidney stones located in the ureter or kidney. This is a minimally invasive treatment where a thin, flexible tube (called a ureteroscope) is inserted through the urethra and bladder to reach the ureter. It allows doctors to see and remove stones or treat blockages without making any cuts in the body. It is commonly done for both men and women, especially when kidney stones are too large to pass naturally.

When kidney stones are stuck in the ureter and causing pain.

If non-surgical treatments fail to remove kidney stones.

For diagnosing or treating narrowing (strictures) of the ureter.

In cases of suspected tumors or abnormal growths in the ureter.

When blood is found in urine without clear reasons.

For patients with recurring urinary tract infections linked to stones.

When shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is not suitable or fails.

To remove fragments of kidney stones that remain after previous treatments.

Minimally invasive — no external cuts required.

Faster recovery compared to open surgery.

Highly effective for treating mid to lower ureteral stones.

Suitable for both large and small stones.

Can be used for diagnostic and treatment purposes in one session.

High success rate for complete stone removal.

Useful for both male and female patients.

Can help avoid the need for more invasive kidney stone procedures.

Inform your doctor about any medications or allergies.

You may be asked to stop blood-thinning medicines before the procedure.

Follow fasting instructions—usually no food or drinks 6-8 hours before.

Blood and urine tests may be done to rule out infection.

Imaging tests like CT or ultrasound may be required before surgery.

Make arrangements for someone to take you home post-procedure.

Talk to your doctor about anesthesia and what to expect.

You will be given anesthesia—local, spinal or general.

A thin scope (ureteroscope) is inserted through the urethra into the bladder and then to the ureter.

The doctor may use a laser to break the stone into smaller pieces.

Stone fragments are removed using small tools or flushed out.

Sometimes, a stent is placed in the ureter to help with healing and urine flow.

The procedure usually takes 30 minutes to 1 hour, depending on complexity.

1. Before the Procedure:

Pre-operative evaluations and anesthesia discussion.

May require short hospital admission depending on your health.

2. During the Procedure:

You will be under anesthesia and won’t feel pain.

Surgeon uses a ureteroscope to locate and remove or break stones.

A stent may be inserted temporarily.

3. After the Procedure:

You might feel mild discomfort while urinating.

Blood in urine and frequent urination is common for a few days.

You will be advised to drink plenty of water to flush out remaining fragments.

If a stent was placed, it will be removed in a follow-up visit.

Recovery is quick — most return to normal activities in 2-3 days.

Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Temporary blood in urine

Discomfort or burning during urination

Ureteral injury or narrowing

Need for repeat procedures in some cases

Stent-related discomfort if placed

Rarely, failure to remove the entire stone

Most patients experience complete relief from symptoms.

High success rate in removing stones without open surgery.

Quick return to daily life.

Reduced chances of stone recurrence if preventive advice is followed.

Long-term results are excellent when combined with lifestyle and diet changes.