Overview of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that mainly affects the joints. The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues, especially the lining of the joints. This causes pain, swelling, stiffness and can eventually lead to joint damage if not treated properly. RA usually starts in small joints like fingers or wrists and can also affect other body parts like the lungs, eyes, and skin. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to managing RA and leading a healthy life.

Types of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

1. Seropositive RA: Most common type, where blood tests show rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-CCP antibodies.

2. Seronegative RA: Similar symptoms but without RF or anti-CCP in blood.

3. Juvenile RA: Affects children under 16 years of age.

4. RA with extra-articular symptoms: Involves other organs like lungs, eyes, skin.

Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Painful, swollen, and stiff joints (especially in the hands and fingers)

Fatigue and weakness

Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes

Low-grade fever

Joint deformity in later stages

Small lumps (nodules) under the skin

Weight loss and loss of appetite

Causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Immune system attacking joint tissues

Genetic factors (family history of RA)

Smoking (a strong risk factor)

Infections or environmental triggers

Hormonal imbalance

Complications in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Joint deformity and disability

Rheumatoid nodules on skin or organs

Lung or heart complications

Eye problems like dryness or inflammation

Higher risk of infections due to medications

Osteoporosis due to inflammation or steroid use

Risk Factors of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Family history of rheumatoid arthritis

Female gender (more common in women)

Age between 30–60 years

Smoking or exposure to pollution

Obesity

History of viral infections

Preventions of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Avoid smoking and second-hand smoke

Maintain a healthy weight

Exercise regularly to keep joints flexible

Manage stress to reduce flare-ups

Eat an anti-inflammatory diet (rich in fruits, veggies, omega-3)