Overview of Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Often referred to as (the clap), it spreads through sexual contact and can affect the genitals, rectum, throat and eyes. Though it may go unnoticed due to mild or no symptoms, untreated gonorrhea can lead to serious health issues. But thankfully, gonorrhea is curable with proper medical treatment.

Types of Gonorrhea

1. Genital Gonorrhea: Affects the urethra, cervix or reproductive organs.

2. Rectal Gonorrhea: Occurs due to anal sex, symptoms may include itching, discharge or pain.

3. Oral Gonorrhea: Infection in the throat from oral sex, can feel like a sore throat.

4. Ocular Gonorrhea: Rare eye infection caused by contact with infected fluids.

5. Disseminated Gonorrhea: A serious form where the infection spreads through the bloodstream to joints or skin.

Symptoms of Gonorrhea

In Males

Pain or burning during urination

White, yellow or green discharge from the penis

Painful or swollen testicles

Sore throat if infected orally

In Females

Increased or abnormal vaginal discharge

Burning sensation when urinating

Lower abdominal pain or pelvic cramps

Bleeding between periods or after sex

Mild or no symptoms in the early stages

In the Throat (Oral Gonorrhea)

Persistent sore throat

Redness or irritation in the throat

Swollen neck glands

Often no symptoms at all

Causes of Gonorrhea

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae a bacterium transmitted through sexual contact

Spread through vaginal, anal or oral sex

Can pass from mother to baby during childbirth

Rarely transmitted through deep kissing if infected saliva is present

Complications in Gonorrhea

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) in women, increasing infertility risk.

Epididymitis in men, leading to infertility if untreated.

Risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Higher chances of contracting or spreading HIV.

Joint infections or skin rashes in severe, untreated cases.

Infection can pass to newborns, causing serious health problems.

Risk Factors of Gonorrhea

Having unprotected sex with multiple partners.

Being sexually active under the age of 25.

Previous history of STDs.

Not using protection with new or unknown partners.

Men who have sex with men (higher oral and rectal gonorrhea risk).

Preventions of Gonorrhea

Use condoms or dental dams during all types of sexual activity

Get tested regularly, especially with new or multiple partners

Avoid sex if you or your partner have symptoms

Ensure both partners complete treatment before resuming sexual activity

Encourage open and honest conversations about STDs in relationships