Overview of Gallstones

Gallstones are hardened deposits that form inside the gallbladder, it is a small organ beneath the liver that stores bile. When the chemical balance in bile is disrupted, stones begin to form which can block the bile ducts and trigger sharp abdominal pain, commonly known as a gallbladder attack. This condition is referred to medically as cholelithiasis. While some people with gallstones may experience no symptoms and others may suffer from intense discomfort and serious complications if not treated on time.

Types of Gallstones

1. Cholesterol gallstones: Most common type formed due to excess cholesterol in bile.

2. Pigment gallstones: Made of bilirubin usually seen in people with liver conditions.

3. Mixed gallstones: Contain both cholesterol and pigment substances.

Symptoms of Gallstones

Sudden, intense gallbladder pain in the upper right abdomen or back.

Discomfort that worsens after fatty or heavy meals.

Nausea, vomiting, or feeling bloated after eating.

Pain lasting from minutes to hours often described as a gallbladder attack.

Fever and chills in case of cholecystitis or infection.

Women may notice sharper or more frequent gallstones symptoms than men.

Recurring indigestion or belching which could be signs of gallbladder issues.

Causes of Gallstones

Excess cholesterol in bile leading to stone formation.

Poor gallbladder function, preventing proper emptying.

High bilirubin levels due to liver disease or infections.

Rapid weight loss, prolonged fasting, or crash diets.

Genetic factors that increase your risk of gallstone disease.

Long-term use of certain medications like birth control pills.

Complications in Gallstones

Inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis).

Obstruction of the bile duct, causing infection or jaundice.

Severe pain due to recurring gallstone attacks.

Pancreatitis caused by blocked pancreatic duct.

Gallbladder rupture or abscess formation.

Risk of gallbladder cancer in rare chronic cases.

Risk Factors of Gallstones

Being female, especially over the age of 40.

Family history of gallstones or gallbladder disease.

Obesity or being overweight.

Diabetes or insulin resistance.

Eating a high-fat and low-fiber diet.

Pregnancy or use of hormone therapy.

Liver disease or blood disorders.

Preventions of Gallstones

Maintain a balanced and fiber-rich diet to improve digestion.

Avoid skipping meals and follow regular eating patterns.

Exercise regularly to manage weight and reduce fat buildup.

Lose weight gradually rather than through extreme diets.

Stay hydrated to support healthy bile production.

Limit intake of saturated fats and cholesterol-rich foods.