Fatty Liver Disease (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - NAFLD)

Overview of NAFLD/FLD

Fatty liver disease particularly Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a condition where excess fat accumulates in the liver without alcohol consumption as a contributing factor. This disease can range from simple hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) to more serious forms such as Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) which can lead to liver inflammation and damage.

Types of NAFLD/FLD

1. Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A common condition where fat builds up in the liver but without any history of alcohol abuse.

2. Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): A more advanced stage of NAFLD where the fat buildup causes liver inflammation and damage.

3. Fatty Liver Disease (FLD): A general term that refers to the accumulation of fat in the liver which can be caused by various factors such as obesity and diabetes.

Symptoms of NAFLD/FLD

• Silent Early Stages: Often there are no noticeable symptoms in the beginning.
• Fatigue: Feeling more tired than usual.
• Abdominal Discomfort: Pain or discomfort in the upper right side of the abdomen.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Losing weight without trying.
• Skin Changes: Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice) in advanced cases.
• Swollen Abdomen: Accumulation of fluid causing bloating.

Causes of NAFLD/FLD

• Obesity: Excess fat in the body leads to fat accumulation in the liver.
• Type 2 Diabetes: High blood sugar levels contribute to fatty liver.
• Poor Diet: High fat and high sugar diets increase fat in the liver.
• Genetics: Family history can make individuals more prone to developing fatty liver disease.
• Medications: Certain drugs, like steroids can cause liver fat accumulation.

Complications of NAFLD/FLD

• Cirrhosis: Scarring of liver tissue often leading to liver failure.
• Liver Cancer: The risk increases with prolonged fatty liver or NASH.
• Cardiovascular Disease: NAFLD increases the risk of heart problems.
• Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): Progresses into severe liver damage or fibrosis if untreated.

Risk Factors of NAFLD/FLD

• Obesity or Overweight: Extra weight, especially around the abdomen is a major risk factor.
• Diabetes or Pre diabetes: Increased blood sugar makes the liver more likely to store fat.
• High Cholesterol: Elevated cholesterol levels can contribute to fatty liver.
• Lack of Physical Activity: Sedentary lifestyle significantly raises the risk.
• Age: Older adults are at a higher risk.

Prevention of NAFLD/FLD

• Healthy Weight: Maintain a balanced weight to reduce the strain on your liver.
• Balanced Diet: Focus on a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins and whole grains.
• Physical Activity: Engage in at least 30 minutes of exercise daily.
• Limit Alcohol: Excessive alcohol can worsen liver health.
• Regular Check ups: Keep track of blood sugar and cholesterol levels.