Overview of Leukemia

Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow, where blood cells are produced. It leads to the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells, which disrupt normal blood function and immunity. There are several types of leukemia, and its progression can be either acute (fast-growing) or chronic (slow-growing). Early detection and timely treatment significantly improve outcomes.

Types of Leukemia

1. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Rapidly growing cancer affecting myeloid cells, more common in adults.

2. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Fast-growing leukemia mostly seen in children.

3. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Slow-progressing cancer of the myeloid cells, often detected in later stages.

4. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Affects lymphocytes, common in older adults and progresses gradually.

5. Hairy Cell Leukemia: A rare subtype of CLL, where cells appear 'hairy' under the microscope.

6. Feline Leukemia: A contagious viral disease affecting cats, not transmissible to humans.

Symptoms of Leukemia

Persistent fatigue and weakness

Frequent or severe infections

Unexplained weight loss

Easy bruising or bleeding (e.g., nosebleeds, gum bleeds)

Swollen lymph nodes, liver, or spleen

Recurrent fevers or chills

Bone or joint pain

Pale or blotchy skin (may include leukemia rash)

Shortness of breath

Night sweats

Causes of Leukemia

Genetic mutations in blood cell DNA

Radiation exposure

Prolonged exposure to chemicals like benzene

Previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy

Certain genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome)

Smoking (increases risk of AML)

Family history of leukemia

Complications in Leukemia

Severe infections due to low immunity

Anemia from low red blood cell count

Bleeding disorders due to low platelets

Spread to organs like liver, spleen, brain

Organ damage due to treatment

Secondary cancers after treatment

Psychological distress and fatigue

Risk Factors of Leukemia

Age: More common in adults above 55 (except ALL in children)

Gender: Males have slightly higher risk

Family history of leukemia

Smoking habits

Prior cancer treatment

Occupational exposure to industrial chemicals

Certain genetic syndromes

Preventions of Leukemia

Avoid exposure to harmful chemicals

Quit smoking

Protect yourself from radiation

Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle

Regular medical checkups, especially with a family history

Limit exposure to benzene (found in gasoline and cigarette smoke)

Stay updated on vaccines and avoid infections